RT Journal
A1 Leonardi-Bee J, Ellison T, Bath-Hextall F
T1 Smoking and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis
JF Archives of Dermatology
JO Archives of Dermatology
YR 2012
FD August 1
VO 148
IS 8
SP 939
OP 946
DO 10.1001/archdermatol.2012.1374
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2012.1374
AB Objective 
                  To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to collate evidence of the effects of smoking on the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer.Data Sources 
                  We searched 4 electronic databases (from inception to October 2010) and scanned the reference lists of the publications retrieved to identify eligible comparative epidemiologic studies.Study Selection 
                  Titles, abstracts, and full text were assessed independently by 2 authors against prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria.Data Extraction 
                  Data were extracted and quality was assessed independently by 2 authors using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Data Synthesis 
                  Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Twenty-five studies were included. Smoking was significantly associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15-2.01; I2 = 64%; 6 studies). Smoking was not significantly associated with basal cell carcinoma (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.09; I2 = 59%; 14 studies) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.21-1.79; I2 = 34%; 2 studies).Conclusion 
                  This study clearly demonstrates that smoking increases the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; however, smoking does not appear to modify the risk of basal cell carcinoma.