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January 1994, Vol 130, No. 1 >
Article | January 1994

Chemical Exposure-Induced Cutaneous Fibrosis: Title and subTitle BreakLessons From 'Experiments of Nature'

John Varga, MD; Sergio A. Jimenez, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pa


Arch Dermatol. 1994;130(1):97-100. doi:10.1001/archderm.1994.01690010101016
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FIBROSIS OF prominent feature of a wide spectrum of clinical disorders. These syndromes are characterized by discrete or diffuse fibrosis of the skin, with or without associated systemic involvement. Whereas a majority of these conditions are currently considered to be idiopathic, others are believed to be associated with specific triggering agents (Table 1 ). Several chemical and environmental exposures have been linked to the development of cutaneous fibrosis. The cause-and-effect relationship for some of these exposures has been established, based on epidemiologic findings, studies with animal models, and biological plausibility. For other environmental and chemical triggers, the relationship between the exposure and subsequent fibrosis is only tentative at this time. These exposure-associated fibrosing syndromes are particularly important for those interested in the study of cutaneous fibrosis, because they may provide clues regarding the cause and pathogenesis of the more common idiopathic fibrosing diseases such as scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). Furthermore, careful analysis

REFERENCES

1 +
Toxic-Epidemic Study Group.  Toxic epidemic syndrome, Spain, 1981 . Lancet. 1982;;2:697-702.
2 +
Kilbourne EM, Rigau-Perez JG, Heath CW, et al.  Clinical epidemiology of the toxic oil syndrome: manifestations of a new illness . N Engl J Med. 1983;;309:1408-1414.
3 +
Kilbourne EM, Posada de la Paz M, Borda IA, Ruiz-Navarro MD, Philen RM, Falk H.  Toxic oil syndrome: a current clinical and epidemiologic summary, including comparisons with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome . J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;;18:711-717.
4 +
Ten RM, Kephart GM, Posada M, Abaitua I, Soldevillla L, Kilbourne EM.  Participation of eosinophils in the toxic oil syndrome . Clin Exp Immunol. 1990;; 82:313-327.
5 +
Iglesias JL, De Moragas JM.  The cutaneous lesions of the Spanish toxic oil syndrome . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;;9:159-160.
6 +
Phelps RG, Fleischmajer R.  Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic manifestations of the toxic oil syndrome . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;;18:313-324.
7 +
Kilbourne EM, Berneret JT, Posada M, Hill RM, Abaitua I, Zack M.  Chemical correlates of pathogenicity of oils related to the toxic oil syndrome in Spain . Am J Epidemiol. 1988;;127:1210-1227.
8 +
Diaz de Rojas F, Castro Garcia M, Abaitua Borda I, et al.  The association of oil ingestion with toxic oil syndrome in two convents . Am J Epidemiol. 1987;;125: 907-911.
9 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: New Mexico . MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep. 1989;;38:765-767.
10 +
Hertzman PA, Belvins WL, Mayer J, Greenfield B, Ting M, Gleich GJ.  Association of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the ingestion of tryptophan . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:869-874.
11 +
Varga J, Peltonen J, Uitto J, Jimenez SA.  Development of diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia during L-tryptophan treatment: demonstration of elevated type I collagen gene expression in affected tissues . Ann Intern Med. 1990;;112:344-352.
12 +
Silver RS, Heyes MP, Maize JC, Quearry B, Vionnet-Fousset M, Sternberg M.  Scleroderma, fasciitis, and eosinophilia associated with the ingestion of tryptophan . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:874-881.
13 +
Kaufman LD, Seidman RJ, Gruber BL.  L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilic perimyositis, neuritis, and fasciitis: a clinicopathological and laboratory study of 25 patients . Medicine . 1990;;69:187-199.
14 +
Kaufman LD, Seidman RJ, Phillips ME, Gruber BL.  Cutaneous manifestations of the L-tryptophan associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: a spectrum of sclerodermatous skin disease . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;;23:1063-1069.
15 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and L-tryptophan containing products in New Mexico, Minnesota, Oregon, and New York . MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep. 1989;;38:785-788.
16 +
Varga J, Uitto J, Jimenez SA.  The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: clinical and pathological features and etiologic considerations . Ann Intern Med. 1992;;116:140-147.
17 +
Slutsker L, Hoesly FC, Miller L, Williams LP, Watson JC, Fleming DW.  Eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome associated with exposure to tryptophan from a single manufacturer . JAMA . 1990;;264:213-217.
18 +
Mayeno AN, Belongia EA, Lin F, Lundy S, Gleich GJ.  3-(phenylamino)alanine, a novel aniline-derived amino acid associated with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: a link to the toxic oil syndrome? Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;;67:1134-1139.
19 +
Gomez-Reino JJ, Sandberg M, Carreira PE, Vuorio E.  Expression of types I, III, and IV collagen genes in fibrotic skin and nerve lesions of toxic oil syndrome patients . Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;;39:103-107.
20 +
Varga J, Li L, Jimenez SA.  Increased type I collagen gene expression in L-tryptophan associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome skin fibroblasts . J Rheumatol. 1993;;20:1303-1309.
21 +
Peltonen J, Varga J, Solberg S, Uitto J, Jimenez SA.  Elevated expression of the genes for transforming growth factor-β and type VI collagen in diffuse fasciitis associated with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome . J Invest Dermatol. 1991;;96:20-25.
22 +
Ishikawa E, LeRoy C, Trojanowska M.  Mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on human fibroblasts involves the induction of platelet-derived growth factor α receptors . J Cell Physiol. 1990;;145:180-181.
23 +
Yamakage A, Kikuchi K, Smith EA, LeRoy E, Trojanowska M.  Selective upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor a receptors by transforming growth factor-β1 in scleroderma fibroblasts . J Exp Med. 1992;;175:1227-1234.
24 +
Battegay EJ, Raines EW, Seifert RA, Bowen-Pope DF, Ross R.  TGF-β induces bimodal proliferation of connective tissue cells via complex control of an autocrine PDGF loop . Cell. 1990;;63:515-524.
25 +
Love LA, Rader JI, Crofford LJ, et al.  Pathological and immunological effects of ingesting L-tryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) in Lewis rats . J Clin Invest. 1993;;91:804-811.
26 +
Bell A, Hobbs MV, Rubin RL.  Isotope-restricted hyperimmunity in a murine model of the toxic oil syndrome . J Immunol. 1991;;148:3369-3376.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Toxic-Epidemic Study Group.  Toxic epidemic syndrome, Spain, 1981 . Lancet. 1982;;2:697-702.
2 +
Kilbourne EM, Rigau-Perez JG, Heath CW, et al.  Clinical epidemiology of the toxic oil syndrome: manifestations of a new illness . N Engl J Med. 1983;;309:1408-1414.
3 +
Kilbourne EM, Posada de la Paz M, Borda IA, Ruiz-Navarro MD, Philen RM, Falk H.  Toxic oil syndrome: a current clinical and epidemiologic summary, including comparisons with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome . J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;;18:711-717.
4 +
Ten RM, Kephart GM, Posada M, Abaitua I, Soldevillla L, Kilbourne EM.  Participation of eosinophils in the toxic oil syndrome . Clin Exp Immunol. 1990;; 82:313-327.
5 +
Iglesias JL, De Moragas JM.  The cutaneous lesions of the Spanish toxic oil syndrome . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;;9:159-160.
6 +
Phelps RG, Fleischmajer R.  Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic manifestations of the toxic oil syndrome . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;;18:313-324.
7 +
Kilbourne EM, Berneret JT, Posada M, Hill RM, Abaitua I, Zack M.  Chemical correlates of pathogenicity of oils related to the toxic oil syndrome in Spain . Am J Epidemiol. 1988;;127:1210-1227.
8 +
Diaz de Rojas F, Castro Garcia M, Abaitua Borda I, et al.  The association of oil ingestion with toxic oil syndrome in two convents . Am J Epidemiol. 1987;;125: 907-911.
9 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: New Mexico . MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep. 1989;;38:765-767.
10 +
Hertzman PA, Belvins WL, Mayer J, Greenfield B, Ting M, Gleich GJ.  Association of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the ingestion of tryptophan . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:869-874.
11 +
Varga J, Peltonen J, Uitto J, Jimenez SA.  Development of diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia during L-tryptophan treatment: demonstration of elevated type I collagen gene expression in affected tissues . Ann Intern Med. 1990;;112:344-352.
12 +
Silver RS, Heyes MP, Maize JC, Quearry B, Vionnet-Fousset M, Sternberg M.  Scleroderma, fasciitis, and eosinophilia associated with the ingestion of tryptophan . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:874-881.
13 +
Kaufman LD, Seidman RJ, Gruber BL.  L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilic perimyositis, neuritis, and fasciitis: a clinicopathological and laboratory study of 25 patients . Medicine . 1990;;69:187-199.
14 +
Kaufman LD, Seidman RJ, Phillips ME, Gruber BL.  Cutaneous manifestations of the L-tryptophan associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: a spectrum of sclerodermatous skin disease . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;;23:1063-1069.
15 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and L-tryptophan containing products in New Mexico, Minnesota, Oregon, and New York . MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep. 1989;;38:785-788.
16 +
Varga J, Uitto J, Jimenez SA.  The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: clinical and pathological features and etiologic considerations . Ann Intern Med. 1992;;116:140-147.
17 +
Slutsker L, Hoesly FC, Miller L, Williams LP, Watson JC, Fleming DW.  Eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome associated with exposure to tryptophan from a single manufacturer . JAMA . 1990;;264:213-217.
18 +
Mayeno AN, Belongia EA, Lin F, Lundy S, Gleich GJ.  3-(phenylamino)alanine, a novel aniline-derived amino acid associated with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: a link to the toxic oil syndrome? Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;;67:1134-1139.
19 +
Gomez-Reino JJ, Sandberg M, Carreira PE, Vuorio E.  Expression of types I, III, and IV collagen genes in fibrotic skin and nerve lesions of toxic oil syndrome patients . Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;;39:103-107.
20 +
Varga J, Li L, Jimenez SA.  Increased type I collagen gene expression in L-tryptophan associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome skin fibroblasts . J Rheumatol. 1993;;20:1303-1309.
21 +
Peltonen J, Varga J, Solberg S, Uitto J, Jimenez SA.  Elevated expression of the genes for transforming growth factor-β and type VI collagen in diffuse fasciitis associated with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome . J Invest Dermatol. 1991;;96:20-25.
22 +
Ishikawa E, LeRoy C, Trojanowska M.  Mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on human fibroblasts involves the induction of platelet-derived growth factor α receptors . J Cell Physiol. 1990;;145:180-181.
23 +
Yamakage A, Kikuchi K, Smith EA, LeRoy E, Trojanowska M.  Selective upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor a receptors by transforming growth factor-β1 in scleroderma fibroblasts . J Exp Med. 1992;;175:1227-1234.
24 +
Battegay EJ, Raines EW, Seifert RA, Bowen-Pope DF, Ross R.  TGF-β induces bimodal proliferation of connective tissue cells via complex control of an autocrine PDGF loop . Cell. 1990;;63:515-524.
25 +
Love LA, Rader JI, Crofford LJ, et al.  Pathological and immunological effects of ingesting L-tryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) in Lewis rats . J Clin Invest. 1993;;91:804-811.
26 +
Bell A, Hobbs MV, Rubin RL.  Isotope-restricted hyperimmunity in a murine model of the toxic oil syndrome . J Immunol. 1991;;148:3369-3376.

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