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July 1994, Vol 130, No. 7 >
Article | July 1994

Immunohistochemistry of Port-wine Stains and Normal Skin With Endothelium-Specific Antibodies PAL-E, Anti—ICAM-1, Anti—ELAM-1, and Anti—Factor VIIIrAg

Reinhard Neumann, MD; Helmut Leonhartsberger, MD; Robert Knobler, MD; Herbert Hönigsmann, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

From the Division of Special and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna (Austria) Medical School.


Arch Dermatol. 1994;130(7):879-883. doi:10.1001/archderm.1994.01690070073011
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Background and Design:  Immunohistochemical analysis using four monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelium was performed to evaluate the possible role the endothelium may play in the pathogenesis of port-wine stains. In 11 patients with port-wine stains, biopsy specimens were obtained from involved and normal skin. On frozen tissue sections, we studied and compared the distribution and staining pattern of PAL-E, anti—intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), anti—endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), and anti—factor VIIIrAg (FVIIIrAg), all recognizing specific epitopes of vascular endothelial cells.

Results:  The PAL-E, anti-FVIIIrAg, and anti—ICAM-1 antibodies showed a similar distribution and staining pattern. The intensity of staining was equally strong with PAL-E and FVIIIrAg, while the expression of ICAM-1 was moderate. The ELAM-1 antibody exhibited only a weak expression in about 70% of evaluated specimens. No substantial differences in the intensity and distribution pattern of expression of these proteins could be demonstrated between normal skin and port-wine stains.

Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that the abnormal vessel pathologic findings in port-wine stains are not due to defects associated with the endothelium. According to PAL-E antibody staining properties, port-wine stain vessels could be classified as capillaries and/or postcapillary venules and small veins.(Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:879-883)

REFERENCES

1 +
Lever W, Schaumburg-Lever G.  Tumors of vascular tissue: nevus flammeus . In: Lever W, Schaumburg-Lever G, eds. Histopathology of the Skin . 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1990;:689-690.
2 +
Miescher G.  Über plane Angiome (Naevi hyperaemici) . Dermatologica . 1953;; 106:176-183.
3 +
Barsky S, Rosen S, Geer D, Noe J.  The nature and evolution of port wine stains: a computer-assisted study . J Invest Dermatol. 1980;;74:154-157.
4 +
Braverman I, Keh-Yen A.  Ultrastructure and three-dimensional reconstruction of several macular and papular telangiectases . J Invest Dermatol. 1983;;81:489-497.
5 +
Finley J, Noe J, Arndt K, Rosen S.  Port-wine stains: morphologic variations and developmental lesions . Arch Dermatol. 1984;;120:1453-1455.
6 +
Schnyder U.  Zur Klinik und Histologie der Angiome, II: Mitteilung: Die Feuermäler (Naevi teleangiectatici) . Arch Dermatol Syphilol. 1954;;198:51-75.
7 +
Smoller B, Rosen S.  Port-wine stains . Arch Dermatol. 1986;;122:177-179.
8 +
Raff M.  Die Bedeutung adrenerger Rezeptoren für die Entstehung des Naevus flammeus und des Naevus anaemicus . Wien Klin Wochenschr . 1981;;93( (suppl 129) ):1-14.
9 +
Raff M, Neumann R.  Die Bedeutung adrenerger Rezeptoren für die Dermatologie . Hautarzt . 1985;;36:259-264.
10 +
Lanigan S, Cotteril J.  Reduced vasoactive responses in port wine stains . Br J Dermatol. 1990;;122:615-622.
11 +
Finley J, Clark R, Colvin R, Blackman R, Noe J, Rosen S.  Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to factor VIII, fibronectin, and collagenous basement membrane protein in normal human skin and port-wine stains . Arch Dermatol. 1982;;118:971-975.
12 +
Ruiter D, Schlingemann R, Rietveld F, de Waal, R.  Monoclonal antibodydefined human endothelial antigens as vascular markers . J Invest Dermatol. 1989;;93( (suppl) ):25S-32S.
13 +
Heckmann M, Karasek M, Braun-Falco O.  Neueres zur Physiologie und Pathologie von Endothelzellen in der Haut . Hautarzt . 1991;:677-683.
14 +
Jaffe E, Hoyer L, Nachmann R.  Synthesis of antihemophilic factor antigen by cultured human endothelial cells . J Clin Invest. 1973;;52:2757-2764.
15 +
Sehested M, Hou-Jensen K.  Factor VIII related antigen as an endothelial cell marker in benign and malignant diseases . Virchows Arch Pathol Anat. Anat. 1981;;391:217-225.
16 +
Hoyer L, de los Santos R, Hoyer J.  Antihemophilic factor antigen: localization in endothelial cells by immunofluorescent microscopy . J Clin Invest. 1973;;52:2737-2744.
17 +
Burgdorf W, Mukai K, Rosai J.  Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII—related antigen in endothelial cells of cutaneous lesions of alleged vascular nature . Am J Clin Pathol. 1981;;75:167-171.
18 +
Schlingemann R, Dingjan G, Emeis J, Blok J, Warnaar S, Ruiter D.  Monoclonal antibody PAL-E specific for endothelium . Lab Invest. 1985;;52:71-76.
19 +
Jones R, Spaull J, Spry C, Jones W.  Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . J Clin Pathol. 1986;;39:742-749.
20 +
Lisby S, Ralfkiaer E, Rothlein R, Vejlsgaard G.  Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression correlated to inflammation . Br JDermatol. 1989;;120:479-484.
21 +
Pober J, Gimbrone M Jr, Lapierre L, et al.  Overlapping patterns of activation of human endothelial cells by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon . J Immunol. 1986;;137:1893-1896.
22 +
Konter U, Kellner I, Klein E, Kaufmann R, Mielke V, Sterry W.  Adhesion molecule mapping in normal human skin . Arch Dermatol Res. 1989;;281:454-462.
23 +
Dustin M, Springer T.  Lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is one of at least three mechanisms for lymphocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells . J Biol. 1988;;107:321-331.
24 +
Bevilacqua M, Stengelin S, Gimbrone M, Seed B.  Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 . Science . 1989;;243:1160-1165.
25 +
Groves R, Allen M, Barker J, Haskard D, MacDonald D.  Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) expression in cutaneous inflammation . Br J Dermatol. 1991;;124:117-123.
26 +
Neumann R, Knobler R, Lindmaier A.  Photoelectric quantitative evaluation of argon laser treatment of port wine stains . Br J Dermatol. 1991;;124:181-186.

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1 +
Lever W, Schaumburg-Lever G.  Tumors of vascular tissue: nevus flammeus . In: Lever W, Schaumburg-Lever G, eds. Histopathology of the Skin . 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1990;:689-690.
2 +
Miescher G.  Über plane Angiome (Naevi hyperaemici) . Dermatologica . 1953;; 106:176-183.
3 +
Barsky S, Rosen S, Geer D, Noe J.  The nature and evolution of port wine stains: a computer-assisted study . J Invest Dermatol. 1980;;74:154-157.
4 +
Braverman I, Keh-Yen A.  Ultrastructure and three-dimensional reconstruction of several macular and papular telangiectases . J Invest Dermatol. 1983;;81:489-497.
5 +
Finley J, Noe J, Arndt K, Rosen S.  Port-wine stains: morphologic variations and developmental lesions . Arch Dermatol. 1984;;120:1453-1455.
6 +
Schnyder U.  Zur Klinik und Histologie der Angiome, II: Mitteilung: Die Feuermäler (Naevi teleangiectatici) . Arch Dermatol Syphilol. 1954;;198:51-75.
7 +
Smoller B, Rosen S.  Port-wine stains . Arch Dermatol. 1986;;122:177-179.
8 +
Raff M.  Die Bedeutung adrenerger Rezeptoren für die Entstehung des Naevus flammeus und des Naevus anaemicus . Wien Klin Wochenschr . 1981;;93( (suppl 129) ):1-14.
9 +
Raff M, Neumann R.  Die Bedeutung adrenerger Rezeptoren für die Dermatologie . Hautarzt . 1985;;36:259-264.
10 +
Lanigan S, Cotteril J.  Reduced vasoactive responses in port wine stains . Br J Dermatol. 1990;;122:615-622.
11 +
Finley J, Clark R, Colvin R, Blackman R, Noe J, Rosen S.  Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to factor VIII, fibronectin, and collagenous basement membrane protein in normal human skin and port-wine stains . Arch Dermatol. 1982;;118:971-975.
12 +
Ruiter D, Schlingemann R, Rietveld F, de Waal, R.  Monoclonal antibodydefined human endothelial antigens as vascular markers . J Invest Dermatol. 1989;;93( (suppl) ):25S-32S.
13 +
Heckmann M, Karasek M, Braun-Falco O.  Neueres zur Physiologie und Pathologie von Endothelzellen in der Haut . Hautarzt . 1991;:677-683.
14 +
Jaffe E, Hoyer L, Nachmann R.  Synthesis of antihemophilic factor antigen by cultured human endothelial cells . J Clin Invest. 1973;;52:2757-2764.
15 +
Sehested M, Hou-Jensen K.  Factor VIII related antigen as an endothelial cell marker in benign and malignant diseases . Virchows Arch Pathol Anat. Anat. 1981;;391:217-225.
16 +
Hoyer L, de los Santos R, Hoyer J.  Antihemophilic factor antigen: localization in endothelial cells by immunofluorescent microscopy . J Clin Invest. 1973;;52:2737-2744.
17 +
Burgdorf W, Mukai K, Rosai J.  Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII—related antigen in endothelial cells of cutaneous lesions of alleged vascular nature . Am J Clin Pathol. 1981;;75:167-171.
18 +
Schlingemann R, Dingjan G, Emeis J, Blok J, Warnaar S, Ruiter D.  Monoclonal antibody PAL-E specific for endothelium . Lab Invest. 1985;;52:71-76.
19 +
Jones R, Spaull J, Spry C, Jones W.  Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . J Clin Pathol. 1986;;39:742-749.
20 +
Lisby S, Ralfkiaer E, Rothlein R, Vejlsgaard G.  Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression correlated to inflammation . Br JDermatol. 1989;;120:479-484.
21 +
Pober J, Gimbrone M Jr, Lapierre L, et al.  Overlapping patterns of activation of human endothelial cells by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon . J Immunol. 1986;;137:1893-1896.
22 +
Konter U, Kellner I, Klein E, Kaufmann R, Mielke V, Sterry W.  Adhesion molecule mapping in normal human skin . Arch Dermatol Res. 1989;;281:454-462.
23 +
Dustin M, Springer T.  Lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is one of at least three mechanisms for lymphocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells . J Biol. 1988;;107:321-331.
24 +
Bevilacqua M, Stengelin S, Gimbrone M, Seed B.  Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 . Science . 1989;;243:1160-1165.
25 +
Groves R, Allen M, Barker J, Haskard D, MacDonald D.  Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) expression in cutaneous inflammation . Br J Dermatol. 1991;;124:117-123.
26 +
Neumann R, Knobler R, Lindmaier A.  Photoelectric quantitative evaluation of argon laser treatment of port wine stains . Br J Dermatol. 1991;;124:181-186.

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